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Most people think getting on disability is straightforward: You talk with your doctor, fill out a form, and start receiving the healthcare and financial support you’re entitled to.
We wish it were that easy. But for most Virginians, the process is long (2+ years!) and complex (several stages of paperwork and an appeal).
Still, getting disability benefits in Virginia means (often) permanent access to a monthly check and the healthcare you need to stay well. We’ll go over how you qualify for benefits, how much you might earn once you do, and what you can do to improve your odds of getting approved.
Virginia doesn’t have a short-term, state disability program—but there are some national and private disability options you might qualify for. Here are the most common:
1. Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI): SSDI supports Americans who can no longer work due to a medical condition. Most American workers pay into the social security program through their taxes, and the amount you receive from SSDI largely depends on how much you’ve historically paid in. For this reason, your work history—as well as your medical history—determines whether or not you qualify (more on that below).
2. Supplemental Security Income (SSI): If you haven’t worked enough, or worked recently enough, to qualify for SSDI, you may qualify for SSI. It’s another federal program, and you use the same application to apply. SSI is only for individuals with very little income and very few assets. It generally pays out less monthly than SSDI.
3. Long Term / Short Term Private Disability Insurance: If you (or your employer) purchased disability insurance prior to you becoming disabled—you can file a claim with the insurer. These pay out a percentage of your former income—but the exact amount and duration of the benefit will depend on the policy.
4. Veterans Disability Benefits: If you served in the military and suffered an injury that left you unable to work, or you’re retired and have a medical condition as a result of your service—you should apply for disability benefits through Veterans Affairs. For more information, visit the VA’s disability benefits website.
For the rest of this article, we’re going to focus on SSDI and SSI. These are the programs most people qualify for in Virginia, and is generally what someone means when they talk about “applying for disability.”
It’s also frequently necessary to apply for SSDI and SSI when trying to qualify for other programs (like most long-term disability plans). Or, they’re advantageous to apply for in conjunction with other programs (like VA benefits).
Any medical condition that prevents you from working can qualify for disability. Generally speaking, your condition qualifies if it lasts longer than one year or could potentially lead to death.
You cannot get SSDI benefits if your condition will improve, such that it no longer prevents you from working, within the year.
Amongst these the most common condition types to qualify in Virginia were:
Amongst the mental disorders the most common conditions were:
Some particularly severe or terminal conditions (stage 4 cancer, ALS), may be listed for compassionate allowance. In these cases, you automatically qualify for federal benefits (so long as you meet the work or income requirements).
To qualify for SSDI benefits, you must also:
To qualify for SSI, you must also:
More on qualifying for SSI here.
You can apply for disability benefits with the help of a lawyer, or on your own. Most often, you’ll be required to file the application and supplementary documentation on your work history, your day-to-day functioning, and your treatment history.
There are three ways to submit an application for disability benefits:
If you’re not applying with a lawyer, it’s generally helpful to apply at the SSA office. They won’t give you legal advice, but can advise you on how to answer the application questions accurately.
It takes most people hours to submit an application because of the documentation needed.
Here’s what you’ll need to do to submit an application:
If you’re working with a lawyer, they should fill out your application for you (the right way), and confirm receipt with the SSA. (If you’d like more advice on how to fill out the initial application, or how you can find the right lawyer—Atticus can help out for free).
While some people have their application accepted at the initial decision stage—most people (~70%) are rejected, and have to file for reconsideration. ~91% of reconsiderations are also rejected, and applicants request a hearing with an administrative law judge.
At a hearing, nearly 50% of people win benefits—and your odds increase threefold if you work with a lawyer. We wrote at length about what to expect at a hearing and your chances of winning your appeal.
The average monthly benefit for disabled workers in Virginia was $1,290.63 per month (according to the most recent SSA data). This is slightly more than the nationwide average of $1,277.05.
It’s easy to learn exactly what you would qualify for by signing up for an SSA.gov account. To check your potential benefit amount, and your SSDi work-history eligibility:
The maximum you can receive for SSI nationwide is $841 per month. The SSA will subtract any other regular monthly income from this amount. So if you make any additional income (ie. stocks and investments, SNAP benefits, part-time work, etc.), that will be deducted from your monthly check.
The average monthly SSI payment in Virginia is $569.92 per month—just above the national average of $568.13.
The length of time it takes to get benefits can vary. Most applicants will be denied at first, and there will be waits from the SSA between stages of the appeal process.
In 2021, to receive an initial decision took an average of 5.5 months (165 days).
The time to process reconsideration requests took 4.9 months (147 days).
The time you wait for your hearing date depends on your SSA hearing office. The average wait in Virginia, between requesting a hearing and appearing at one, is anywhere from 7 to 11 months.
Office | Wait time |
Charlottesville | 8.5 months |
Falls Church | 9 months |
Norfolk | 10 months |
Richmond | 9 months |
Roanoke | 9 months |
Adding these up, if you file your paperwork immediately, it takes 1.61 years to get disability benefits in Virginia. Once you add in the time spent sending in supplementary forms, filing for reconsideration, requesting a hearing, and waiting for the judge’s decision—most applicants will spend around two to two and a half years going from application to approval.
Sending the SSA your documentation as soon as possible is the only way to speed up this process—so it’s important to meet deadlines, and get forms and medical records their way as fast as possible. Your lawyer can help you stay on track, and will call to confirm the SSA has all the information they need.
When you’re applying, disability lawyers can save you from critical application missteps and save you weeks of paperwork.
At the hearing stage, they’re critical to have in your corner. They cross examine witnesses from the state and help you make the best possible case before a judge.
Overall, applicants with a lawyer on their side are three times more likely to win benefits than those without, and 83% of applicants have legal representation at the hearing stage.
If you’re trying to vet for a disability lawyer on your own, ask these questions before choosing one:
It can be challenging to suss out great lawyers from mediocre lawyers without a legal background. If you’d like to be matched with a lawyer who’s a great fit for your claim, Atticus can help (for free).
We’ve spent years vetting disability lawyers and have built a network of legal teams (chosen from the top 5% of firms). We trust them to treat our clients well, and to win their cases. If you want our help evaluating the right disability lawyer for you, sign up here.
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Jackie Jakab
Lead Attorney
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